Risk of Cardiac Events Associated with Noncardiac Surgery Based on the Type of Procedure
     

Overview :

The risk of a cardiac event associated with a noncardiac surgical procedure can be estimated from the nature of the procedure.

Risk of Cardiac Event

Noncardiac Procedure

high ( > 5%)

emergency surgery, particularly in an elderly patient

aortic or other major vascular surgery

peripheral vascular surgery

prolonged surgery with major fluid shifts and/or blood loss

intermediate (1-5 %)

carotid endarterectomy

head or neck surgery

intraperitoneal or intrathoracic surgery

major orthopedic surgery

prostate surgery

low ( < 1%)

endoscopy

superficial procedures

cataract surgery

breast surgery

minor orthopedic surgery

  References:

Eagle KA, Brundage BH, et al. ACC/AHA Task Force Report. Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation of noncardiac surgery. Circulation. 1996; 93: 1278-1317. (Table 3 page 1289)

Wiklund RA, Rosenbaum SH. Anesthesiology - First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 1132-1141.